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Lower-end machines that can replicate and print in color have dominated the home-office marketplace as their prices dropped through 1999. Higher-end color photocopiers capable of managing heavy responsibility cycles and large-format printing stay a more expensive specialization for printing and design shops. .

Chester Carlson, the inventor of photocopying, was originally a patent lawyer, in addition to a part-time author and inventor. His job in the patent office in New York needed him to make a high number of copies of major papers. Carlson, who was arthritic, discovered this to be a painful and tedious process.

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He made the first photocopy using a zinc plate coated with sulfur. The phrases"10-22-38 Astoria" were written with a microscope slide, which has been put on top of sulfur and under a bright light.

Carlson tried to sell his invention to a few companies, but failed because the procedure was still underdeveloped. At the moment, multiple duplicates were commonly made at the point of document origination, together with carbon paper or manual replicating machines, and people did not see the demand for a digital equipment.

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Over the subsequent five decades, the institute ran experiments to improve the process of electrophotography. Back in 1947, Haloid Corporation (a little New York-based manufacturer and seller of photographic paper) approached Battelle to obtain a license to develop and market a copying machine according to this tech.

Haloid believed that the word"electrophotography" was overly complicated and did not have good recall value.

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Xerox has fought to prevent"Xerox" by becoming a genericized trademark. While the word"Xerox" has appeared in some dictionaries as a synonym for photocopying, Xerox Corporation typically asks that such entries have been altered, and that individuals not use the word"Xerox" in this manner.

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During the 1960s and throughout the 1980s, Savin Corporation developed and marketed a line of liquid-toner copiers that implemented a technology based on patents held by the company.

A key obstacle linked to the pre-xerographic replicating technologies was the high cost of supplies: a Verifax print required provides costing US$0.15 in 1969, even though a Xerox printing could be created for $0.03 including paper and labor.

Xerographic copier manufacturers took advantage of a top perceived-value of the 1960s and early 1970s, and promoted paper which has been"specially designed" for xerographic output. From the end of the 1970s, newspaper manufacturers made xerographic"runability" one of the prerequisites for the majority of their office paper brands.

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Some devices sold as photocopiers have substituted the drum-based process with inkjet or move film technologies.

The very first electrostatic color copier was released by Xerox (the 6500) in 1973. Color photocopying is an issue to authorities, as it eases counterfeiting currency and other documents: for more details, visit Counterfeiting section. .

There is an increasing trend for brand new photocopiers to adopt electronic technology, therefore replacing the old analog technology. With electronic copying, the canister efficiently is made up of a integrated scanner and laser printer. This design printer multifunction laser color has several benefits, including automatic image quality enhancement and the capacity to"build jobs" (that is, to scan page graphics independently of the process of printing them).

A terrific benefit of digital copier technology is"automatic digital xerox machine function collation". For example, when copying a set of 20 pages 20 times, an electronic copier scans every page only once, then uses the stored information to create 20 sets. Within an analog copier, either every page is flashed 20 times (a total of 400 scans), which makes one place at a time, or 20 separate output trays have been used for the 20 sets. .



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Low-end copiers also use digital technology, but have a tendency to include a standard PC scanner coupled to a inkjet or non invasive laser printer, both of which are much slower than their counterparts in luxury copiers. However, low-end scanner-inkjets can provide color copying in a lower purchase price but with a far higher price per copy.

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(See Multifunction printer) .

Charging: cylindrical drum is electrostatically charged by a high voltage cable called a corona wire or a fee roller. The drum comes with a coat of a photoconductive material. Even a photoconductor is a semiconductor that becomes conductive when subjected to light. 5

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Exposure: A glowing lamp illuminates the original document, and the white best black and white office printer areas of the original document reflect the light onto the face of the photoconductive drum. The areas of the drum which are exposed to mild become conductive and therefore discharge into the floor. The region of the drum never vulnerable to mild (those locations that correspond to both black parts of the original record ) stays negatively charged. .

Developing: The product is more positively charged. When it is placed on the drum to create the image, it's drawn and sticks into the places which are negatively charged (black areas), as newspaper sticks to a balloon using a static cost.

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Transport: The resulting toner image on the face of this drum is moved from the drum on a piece of paper that has an even larger negative charge than the drum has.

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